Understanding the Chemical Composition of Hydraulic Fracturing (Waste)Water
Lisa Strong
Monday, July 29, 2013
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Chapters
Introduction
Hydraulic Fracturing
Chemicals in Hydraulic Fracturing
Hydraulic Fracturing Equipment
Oil Resources Map
Water Usage Trends: North Dakota
Production Waters a Challenge for Biology
Representative Properties of Some Fracking Waters
This Is what 4,523 mg/L TOC Looks Like
Semi-volatiles: PAHs, Aromatics, Aliphatics, Ethers, Alcohols
Comprehensive 2D-GC/TOFMS: Different Chemistry Columns
Mega Mix: 54 Compounds
Naphthalene Compounds
Spectral Peak Matching Nist ‘08
LECO Pegasus 4D w/ TOF Mass Spec
Comprehensive 2D-GC/TOFMS: Different Chemistry Columns
Solventless Extraction: Active Phase Stirbars
Thermal Desorption Is a 2-step Process with Independent Control of Both Steps
Extraction Technique Semi-volatiles
PDMS Stir Bar Absorption
Validate Calibration
Raw Waters
2D-GC/MS Separates Isomeric Mixtures of Hydrocarbons
2nd Degradation Experiment
Shaker Tank Waters
2nd Degradation Experiment
Flowback Waters
C3-Naphthalenes Biodegraded by Silica-encapsulated Bacteria
GC Area Count
X-ray Crystal Structure
GC Area Count
Degradation Rates
Acknowlegments
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